Recent Killings & disappearances
Obuhu Ohima Adelino
Nov-2022 Male 35
Eastern Equatoria, Oguruny
Akai Deng Ayuel
Oct-2022 Male 40
Warrap, Aneet
Ajing Atem Ajing
Oct-2022 Male 41
Warrap, Aneet
Akai Ayuen Akai
Oct-2022 Male 37
Warrap, Aneet
Garang Ayiik Atem
Oct-2022 Male 34
Warrap, Aneet
Madhol Bol Ruai
Oct-2022 Male 39
Warrap, Aneet
Madhol Alok Atem
Oct-2022 Male 40
Warrap, Aneet
Deng Chuor Dhel
Oct-2022 Male 32
Warrap, Aneet
Magot Alok Deng
Oct-2022 Male 30
Warrap, Aneet
Manyang Majak Akuei
Oct-2022 Male 42
Warrap, Aneet
Mangok Garang Mabil
Oct-2022 Male 38
Warrap, Aneet
Mayak Malek Majok
Oct-2022 Male 37
Warrap, Aneet
Maper Deng Aguek
Oct-2022 Male 34
Warrap, Aneet
Arop Mayuot Deng
Oct-2022 Male 38
Warrap, Aneet
Manon Madut Kuol
Oct-2022 Male 40
Warrap, Aneet
Chom Aluk Ajing
Oct-2022 Male 31
Warrap, Aneet
Ring Ring Aguet
Oct-2022 Male 39
Warrap, Aneet
Gum Malel Ring
Oct-2022 Male 30
Warrap, Aneet
Kuol Awel Aguer
Oct-2022 Male 40
Warrap, Aneet
Ngor Deng Juac
Oct-2022 Male 27
Warrap, Aneet
Georgy Juach Mayen
Oct-2022 Male 38
Warrap, Aneet
Achuil Deng Mayiik
Oct-2022 Male 35
Warrap, Aneet
Tor Bol Wieu
Oct-2022 Male 40
Warrap, Aneet
Biar Juac Puot
Oct-2022 Male 28
Warrap, Aneet
Mayor Yai Tong
Oct-2022 Male 48
Warrap, Aneet
Akeen Madut Chuor
Oct-2022 Male 38
Warrap, Aneet
Mayat Deng Malual
Oct-2022 Male 34
Warrap, Aneet
Chol Thiong Nhomrom
Oct-2022 Male 36
Warrap, Aneet
Ling Gatluak Maduot
Oct-2022 Male 39
Warrap, Aneet
Gatluak Gai Madiet
Oct-2022 Male 37
Warrap, Aneet
Mangong Chuor Hol
Oct-2022 Male 38
Warrap, Aneet
Malith Guot Marial
Oct-2022 Male 40
Warrap, Aneet
Morwel Ring Morwel
Oct-2022 Male 38
Warrap, Aneet
Ring Wol Deng
Oct-2022 Male 31
Warrap, Aneet
Mayol Bar Chol
Oct-2022 Male 40
Warrap, Aneet
Wieu Kur Dau
Oct-2022 Male 36
Warrap, Aneet
Deng Aguer Arol
Oct-2022 Male 40
Warrap, Aneet
Mawien Mading Kuol
Oct-2022 Male 38
Warrap, Aneet
Akol Monydeng Akol
Oct-2022 Male 35
Warrap, Aneet
Deng Monychol Kuol
Oct-2022 Male 40
Warrap, Aneet
Mawien Kounye Mawien
Oct-2022 Male 38
Warrap, Aneet
Kuol Malual Dau
Oct-2022 Male 30
Warrap, Aneet
Ajith Nyok Malual
Oct-2022 Male 37
Warrap, Aneet
Ring Maker Koch
Oct-2022 Male 38
Warrap, Aneet
Kur Ayuel Machok
Oct-2022 Male 40
Warrap, Aneet
Jima Deng Kuol
Oct-2022 Male 39
Warrap, Aneet
Mawut Deng Akol
Oct-2022 Male 34
Warrap, Aneet
Deng Ayuel Kuol
Oct-2022 Male 29
Warrap, Aneet
Gapnyany Pey
Oct-2022 Male
Unity, Mankien
Jackson Wudu Moses
Oct-2022 Male 38
Central Equatoria, Girim
Manas Woja John
Oct-2022 Male 43
Central Equatoria, Dimu 1
Mary Nyoka Woja
Oct-2022 Female 33
Central Equatoria, Dimu1
Morris Luwate Charles
Oct-2022 Male 42
Central Equatoria, Girim
John Wana Stephen
Oct-2022 Male 55
Central Equatoria, Girim
Simon Lokiko Wani
Oct-2022 Male 39
Central Equatoria, Girim
Betty Sitima Poni
Oct-2022 Female 28
Central Equatoria, Panyume
Peter Towongo Charles
Oct-2022 Male 32
Central Equatoria, Panyume
Moses Alemi Simon
Oct-2022 Male 34
Central Equatoria, Panyume
Jenn Aware Joseph
Oct-2022 Female 36
Central Equatoria, Nyori
Benet Sanya Juma
Oct-2022 Male 46
Central Equatoria, Wayiba
Seme Lemi Joseph
Oct-2022 Male 37
Central Equatoria, Wayiba
Moses Waru Taban
Oct-2022 Male 35
Central Equatoria, Kiraga
Alhadi James Abas
Oct-2022 Male 37
Central Equatoria, Lokiliri
Pitia Moga James
Oct-2022 Male 41
Central Equatoria, Juba
Aluma Sunday Godfrey Juma
Oct-2022 Male 21
Western Equatoria, Yeri
Lomode Pleazy Robert
Oct-2022 Male 23
Eastern Equatoria, Camp-15
Machuor Deng Athuai
Oct-2022 Male 38
Warrap, Makuac
Magot Marach Gur
Oct-2022 Male 27
Warrap, Makuac
Kochwar Gut Achien
Oct-2022 Male 40
Warrap, Makuac
Majuech Yuot Gur
Oct-2022 Male 39
Warrap, Makuac
Malaat Mangor Machiek
Oct-2022 Male 30
Warrap, Makuac
Kuchdit Madit Makuch
Oct-2022 Male 27
Warrap, Makuac
Chuirma Maghot Akuchbeny
Oct-2022 Male 36
Warrap, Makuac
Manyiel Buok Chol
Oct-2022 Male 33
Warrap, Makuac
Machiek Maghot Machiek
Oct-2022 Male 32
Warrap, Makuac
Nyibol Marial Gur
Oct-2022 Female 18
Warrap, Makuac
Mathou Deng Magor
Oct-2022 Male 31
Warrap, Makuac
Chol Maker Chol
Oct-2022 Male 24
Warrap, Makuac
Machiek Manyuang Juach
Oct-2022 Male 28
Warrap, Makuac
Mawien Machar Gor
Oct-2022 Male 34
Warrap, Makuac
Majur Kuot Chol
Oct-2022 Male 19
Warrap, Makuac
Laat Machiek Marial
Oct-2022 Male 36
Warrap, Makuac
Makur Manyuang Machiek
Oct-2022 Male 39
Warrap, Makuac
Nyanluak John LLony
Oct-2022 Female 15
Eastern Equatoria, Torit
Daniel Owahu Kennedy
Oct-2022 Male 36
Eastern Equatoria, Kurujik
Peter Okeny Olle
Oct-2022 Male 31
Eastern Equatoria, Kurujik
James Owar Obonga
Oct-2022 Male 20
Eastern Equatoria, Kurujik
Mata Mayo Kworo
Nov-2022 Male 26
Upper Nile, Kilo-Ashara
Asier Yana Doshat
Nov-2022 Male 30
Upper Nile, Kilo-Ashara
Jonde Yanga Mohandis
Nov-2022 Male 28
Upper Nile, Kilo-Ashara
Eisa Hamed Kwuala
Nov-2022 Male 24
Upper Nile, Kilo-Ashara
Nuor Wula Marthi
Nov-2022 Male 20
Upper Nile, Kilo-Ashara
Ali Halo Bienek
Nov-2022 Male 37
Upper Nile, Kilo-Ashara
Beshir Shawesh Nareen
Nov-2022 Male 23
Upper Nile, Kilo-Ashara
Hana Dosha Kerim
Nov-2022 Female 28
Upper Nile, Kilo-Ashara
Lola Yahna Mabruk
Nov-2022 Female 41
Upper Nile, Kilo-Ashara
Nasir Yahna
Nov-2022 Male 38
Upper Nile, Kilo-Ashara
Pistol Wani Charles
Nov-2022 Male 36
Central Equatoria, Jebeleen
Martin Wani Lusuba
Nov-2022 Male 40
Central Equatoria, Jebeleen
Charles Wani Jada
Nov-2022 Male 38
Central Equatoria, Jebeleen
Emmanuel Isdoro Ladu
Nov-2022 Male 26
Central Equatoria, Juba
Deng Mun Puot
Nov-2022 Male 38
Jonglei, Duk Padiet
Lotari Sokiri Lokang
Nov-2022 Male 26
Western Equatoria, Uguruny
Esther Diken Samuel
Nov-2022 Female 30
Eastern Equatoria, Chukudum
Joseph Mata Ngachie
Nov-2022 Male 28
Eastern Equatoria, Kapoeta
Luka Gabriel Adam
Nov-2022 Male 26
Central Equatoria, Terkeka
John Modi Kalam
Nov-2022 Male 25
Central Equatoria, Juba
Albino Charles Peter
Nov-2022 Male 26
Central Equatoria, Juba
Johnson Taban Tom
Nov-2022 Male 27
Central Equatoria, Liria
Benansio William Joseph
Nov-2022 Male 34
Central Equatoria, Jebeleen
Pitia Jada Jalal
Nov-2022 Male 29
Central Equatoria, Sindiro
Tangun Jada Jalal
Nov-2022 Male 23
Central Equatoria, Sindiro
James Wani Festo
Nov-2022 Male 38
Central Equatoria, Jebeleen
Allafi Jackson Benard
Nov-2022 Male 26
Central Equatoria, Juba
Hillary Henry Paul
Nov-2022 Male 30
Central Equatoria, Juba
Alich Anyuon Kuol
Nov-2022 Male 10
Northern Bahr el Ghazal, Mayom
Joseph Lomana Rweto
Nov-2022 Male 36
Eastern Equatoria, Kapoeta
Amou Garang Wach
Nov-2022 Female 36
Central Equatoria, Jebeleen
Nyankong Abel Kur
Nov-2022 Female 25
Central Equatoria, Jebeleen
Amou Biel Chuol
Nov-2022 Female 28
Central Equatoria, Jebeleen
Mun Abuol Nyok
Nov-2022 Male 26
Central Equatoria, Jebeleen
Maker Gai Jok
Nov-2022 Male 29
Central Equatoria, Jebeleen
Eva Vicky James
Nov-2022 Female 35
Central Equatoria, Yei
Majok Lul Chuol
Nov-2022 Male 36
Jonglei, Duk Padiet
Amet Kuot Dut
Nov-2022 Male 35
Northern Bahr el Ghazal, Machar-kunyuk
Kur Manyuon Apuk
Nov-2022 Male 30
Warrap, Paweng
Lokwapur Lokwawe Peter
Nov-2022 Male 28
Eastern Equatoria, Napopot
Awin Ring Ajou
Nov-2022 Female 19
Central Equatoria, Juba
Awiit Ring Ajou
Nov-2022 Female 17
Central Equatoria, Juba
Rialdit Mabor Deng
Nov-2022 Male 18
Central Equatoria, Juba
Nyang Mabor Ater
Nov-2022 Male 17
Central Equatoria, Juba
Awer Ring Ajou
Nov-2022 Female 16
Central Equatoria, Juba
Samson Kuaba Loro
Nov-2022 Male 24
Central Equatoria, Juba
Ayen Chol Garang
Nov-2022 Female 18
Eastern Equatoria, Nimule
James Uwar Obonga
Nov-2022 Male 20
Eastern Equatoria, Lafon
Paul Loteju Michael
Nov-2022 Male 40
Eastern Equatoria, Nauro
Ater Adum Ater
Nov-2022 Male 25
Central Equatoria, Juba
Wuthchok Chirong Chol
Nov-2022 Male 5
Warrap, Guaria
Rual Chirong Chol
Nov-2022 Male 3
Warrap, Guaria
Angong Mayar Lol
Nov-2022 Female 15
Northern Bahr el Ghazal, Ayai
Dut Deng Lul
Nov-2022 Male 37
Northern Bahr el Ghazal, Maper Akot
John Daud Marier
Nov-2022 Male 21
Central Equatoria, Juba
Abbas Musa Idris
Nov-2022 Male 25
Upper Nile, Maban
Dut Atak Dut
Nov-2022 Male 23
Central Equatoria, Juba
Gatkuoth Gatduel Gatjanieh
Nov-2022 Male 24
Unity, Bentiu
Madit Wol Dhel
Nov-2022 Male 25
Warrap, Manyang-ngok
Mayom Dhelbar Machar
Nov-2022 Male 35
Warrap, Juba
Awan Ding Awan
Nov-2022 Male 28
Warrap, Makuac
Rose Nakang Andrew
Nov-2022 Female 25
Eastern Equatoria, Ngonyorom
Charity Inonong Ngrek
Nov-2022 Female 21
Eastern Equatoria, Lopus
Tom Pierensio Luka
Nov-2022 Male 40
Central Equatoria, Juba
John Deder Manin
Nov-2022 Male 28
Central Equatoria, Juba
Gamba Night Santino
Nov-2022 Female 33
Central Equatoria, Yei
Evalyn Keji Taban
Oct-2022 Female 22
Central Equatoria, Girim
Rose Kiden Yata
Nov-2022 Female 25
Central Equatoria, Girim
Soro Bullen Wani
Oct-2022 Male 46
Central Equatoria, Dimu 2
Diko Joice Lasu
Oct-2022 Female 52
Central Equatoria, Yondoru
Robert Malish
Nov-2022 Male 43
Central Equatoria, Lasu
Kamilo Odiong Ohide
Nov-2022 Male 16
Eastern Equatoria, Torit
Magak Majok Chol
Nov-2022 Male 36
Warrap, Ariekriek
Makuei Mawien Mawith
Nov-2022 Male 28
Warrap, Ariekriek
Monyluak Mawien But
Nov-2022 Male 30
Warrap, Arialbek
Monymum Akec Yor
Nov-2022 Male 35
Warrap, Arialbek
Marial Acuil Ajiing
Nov-2022 Male 24
Warrap, Arialbek
Bol Bak Akec
Nov-2022 Male 28
Warrap, Gogrial
Adut Makuc Majok Kiir
Nov-2022 Female 13
Warrap, Alek
Dut Roch Chieny
Nov-2022 Male 35
Northern Bahr el Ghazal, Maper
Aponi Lokanyim Lojuahan
Nov-2022 Female 14
Eastern Equatoria, Korkomuge
Lohai Lokanyim Lojuahan
Nov-2022 Male 7
Eastern Equatoria, Korkomuge
Ohai Opel Andrea
Nov-2022 Male 30
Eastern Equatoria, Kiyala
Mathew Warun Anthony
Nov-2022 Male 15
Central Equatoria, Juba-Suk Zande
Lonyjok Yuol Dak
Nov-2022 Male 21
Unity, Mayom
Saila Magaiy Gatduel
Nov-2022 Female 24
Unity, Rubkona
Pitia Luka Boli
Nov-2022 Male 50
Central Equatoria, Mayom
Elle Abellino James
Nov-2022 Female 7
Central Equatoria, Lobonok
Manut Bol Majok
Nov-2022 Male 26
Northern Bahr el Ghazal, Awiel
Khan Majok Nyok
Nov-2022 Male 30
Jonglei, Pajut
Aleu Pap Nyok
Nov-2022 Male 8
Warrap, Ajiep
Moses longutu Modi
Nov-2022 Male 35
Central Equatoria, Lokiliri
James Tongun Jada
Nov-2022 Male 46
Central Equatoria, Lokiliri
Michael Wani Modi
Nov-2022 Male 51
Central Equatoria, Lokiliri
Henry Soka Jackson
Nov-2022 Male 43
Central Equatoria, Lokiliri
Valentino Lado Tombe
Nov-2022 Male 47
Central Equatoria, Lokiliri
Scopas Maring William
Nov-2022 Male 38
Central Equatoria, Lokiliri
Timothy Modi John
Nov-2022 Male 56
Central Equatoria, Lokiliri
Julius Tombe kenyi
Nov-2022 Male 37
Central Equatoria, Lokiliri
Clement Lado Solomon
Nov-2022 Male 52
Central Equatoria, Magiri
Cosmas Pitya pious
Nov-2022 Male 41
Central Equatoria, Magiri
Mary Epon Martin
Nov-2022 Female 32
Central Equatoria, Magiri
Gabriel Lado Tombe
Nov-2022 Male 49
Central Equatoria, Magiri
Patrisio Mogga Kenyi
Nov-2022 Male 55
Central Equatoria, Magiri
Margaret Nadoki Stanley
Nov-2022 Female 34
Central Equatoria, Magiri
Sabasio Pitya Loponi
Nov-2022 Male 61
Central Equatoria, Magiri
Saturlino Lolaku Jada
Nov-2022 Male 54
Central Equatoria, Magiri
Bol Kuot Kuot
Jan-2023 Male 19
Central Equatoria, Juba
Aleu Ajing Aleu
Jan-2023 Male 35
Northern Bahr el Ghazal, Bar Mayen
Dominica Sarah David
Dec-2022 Female 32
Central Equatoria, Juba
Nyanut Agany Deng
Dec-2022 Female 45
Central Equatoria, Juba
Loden Jowang Lilcho
Dec-2022 Male 29
Jonglei, Likwangule
Lual Lual Deng
Dec-2022 Male 23
Central Equatoria, Juba
Nido Jaffri Benard
Dec-2022 Male 18
Central Equatoria, Juba
Tombe Ladu Justin
Dec-2022 Male 26
Central Equatoria, Juba
Garang Arop Jongkor
Dec-2022 Male 25
Warrap, Mareng Thok
Matur Mou Yai
Jan-2023 Male 35
Warrap, Romic
Monyjok Mijak Akiej
Jan-2023 Male 52
Upper Nile, Malakal
Makuac Garang Ajang
Dec-2022 Male 30
Central Equatoria, Juba
John Garang Angelo
Dec-2022 Male 39
Central Equatoria, Mangalla
Dor Deng Dor
Dec-2022 Male 28
Warrap, Akuir
Ater Mawien Kuol
Dec-2022 Male 41
Warrap, Akuir
Yaach Deng Lou
Dec-2022 Male 24
Warrap, Akuir
Lual Deng Agany
Dec-2022 Male 37
Warrap, Akuir
Makuac Ayuil Adhol
Dec-2022 Male 40
Warrap, Akuir
Atem Liai Kuot
Dec-2022 Male 38
Warrap, Akuir
John Akot Garang
Jan-2023 Male 35
Northern Bahr el Ghazal, Awiel
Duk Bak Dut
Jan-2023 Male 38
Central Equatoria, Juba
Ring Ring Mayek
Nov-2022 Male 18
Warrap, Dholjok
Deng Kuac Deng
Jan-2023 Male 40
Warrap, Malou
Jinub Abiel Paluel
Jan-2023 Male 17
Jonglei, Duk padiet
Peter Okeria Rondo
Jan-2023 Male 28
Central Equatoria, Juba
Veronica Keji Lado
Jan-2023 Female 23
Central Equatoria, Mangalla
John Thon Deng
Jan-2023 Male 55
Upper Nile, Jalak
Bulo Bulo Garang
Jan-2023 Male 45
Northern Bahr el Ghazal, Alok
Samuel Tombe David
Nov-2022 Male 32
Central Equatoria, Juba
James Runato Adaha
Nov-2022 Male 18
Eastern Equatoria, Torit
Rose Esika Peter
Oct-2022 Female 25
Eastern Equatoria, Torit
Matong Akon Anyor
Oct-2022 Male 40
Warrap, Manyang-ngok
Akuei Lual Geng
Oct-2022 Male 38
Central Equatoria, Aru Junction
James Bol Achol
Oct-2022 Male 24
Central Equatoria, Juba
Matwikil Jabril Osman
Oct-2022 Male 32
Central Equatoria, Juba
Dana John Kennedy
Oct-2022 Male 20
Central Equatoria, Juba
James Mango Lodiong
Nov-2022 Male 32
Central Equatoria, Juba
Dut Ajak Makuei
Nov-2022 Male 28
Central Equatoria, Juba
Achol Awek Malek
Nov-2022 Female 1
Central Equatoria, Juba
Majok Bod Makier Mayom
Nov-2022 Male 32
Central Equatoria, Juba
Makol Maluk Madit
Nov-2022 Male 28
Central Equatoria, Taberi
Biel Koriom Bielyong
Nov-2022 Male 35
Jonglei, Uror
Okujo Biko Ware
Jan-2023 Male 15
Central Equatoria, Kuda
Khamis Simon Deng
Jan-2023 Male 26
Central Equatoria, Juba
Marial Panchol Kuai
Jan-2023 Male 40
Jonglei, Baidit
Ayong Nyuol Mawien
Jan-2023 Female 9
Northern Bahr el Ghazal, Ayuang
Lokine Lokuidomoro Romio
Jan-2023 Male 57
Eastern Equatoria, Lafon
Nyakuoth Keet Niay
Nov-2022 Female 70
Unity, Bentiu
Duer Yaai Koryom
Nov-2022 Male 34
Unity, Bieh
Lang Yaai Koryom
Nov-2022 Male 28
Unity, Bieh
Kuot Agoth Joong
Nov-2022 Male 70
Warrap, Thar-Nyakol
Alfred Lubang Sarafino
Jan-2023 Male 45
Central Equatoria, Sure
Nickson Ladu Felix
Jan-2023 Male 30
Central Equatoria, Sure
William Lubate John
Jan-2023 Male 38
Central Equatoria, Sure
Justin Ladu Peter
Jan-2023 Male 32
Central Equatoria, Sure
Charles Tomilyano John
Jan-2023 Male 58
Central Equatoria, Lalire
Ater Jam Ater
Jan-2023 Male 36
Warrap, Makuaclueth
Amel Garang Piol
Jan-2023 Female 19
Warrap, Makuaclueth
Achol Chol Angok
Jan-2023 Female 13
Warrap, Makuaclueth
Nyibol Deng Angok
Jan-2023 Female 12
Warrap, Makuaclueth
Adior Deng Jur
Jan-2023 Female 40
Warrap, Makuaclueth
Allani Kumen Manysuagin
Jan-2023 Male 40
Jonglei, Nyath
William Jiji Kumen
Jan-2023 Male 31
Jonglei, Nyath
Arizo Kuduman Korok
Jan-2023 Male 28
Jonglei, Nyath
Oromo Nyarath Jiji
Jan-2023 Male 35
Jonglei, Nyath
Baal Nyarath Logume
Jan-2023 Male 23
Jonglei, Nyath
Baazy Nyarath Logume
Jan-2023 Male 18
Jonglei, Nyath
Kakayo Korthulya Arikuam
Jan-2023 Male 29
Jonglei, Nyath
Lakaya Merizia Logume
Jan-2023 Male 28
Jonglei, Nyath
Nyordodot Lopur Allani
Jan-2023 Male 20
Jonglei, Nyath
Lokang Lopeto Natisio
Jan-2023 Male 12
Eastern Equatoria, Chukudum
Lopiya Lokuru Andrea
Jan-2023 Male 5
Eastern Equatoria, Chukudum
Lokitala Loting Okuma
Jan-2023 Male 6
Eastern Equatoria, Chukudum
Namana Loting Okuma
Jan-2023 Female 2
Eastern Equatoria, Chukudum
Isaac Mamur James
Jan-2023 Male 21
Eastern Equatoria, Ngalgala
Lobong Lohiro John
Jan-2023 Male 13
Eastern Equatoria, Lacharok
Obore Okiteng Luiz
Jan-2023 Male 29
Eastern Equatoria, Kiyala
Obulu Okellua James
Jan-2023 Male 30
Eastern Equatoria, Kiyala
Ramadan Kibura Machar
Jan-2023 Male 28
Central Equatoria, Merekiyu
Kenyi Boya Lado
Jan-2023 Male 25
Central Equatoria, Merekiyu
Mamer Makur Gore
Jan-2023 Male 30
Central Equatoria, Merekiyu
Joseph Abuk Jelle
Jan-2023 Male 53
Central Equatoria, Luri
Ring Atem Thiong
Jan-2023 Male 38
Warrap, Yiik Thon
Alfred Yaba Chirino
Jan-2023 Male 39
Eastern Equatoria, Ifohe
They were fathers, mothers, brothers, sisters and children. Each of them cherished by their families and communities. They are the people killed or missing in the conflicts that have ravaged South Sudan since August 1955.
This project is designed for one purpose: to honor the memory of each person who has died or gone missing during conflict in South Sudan. You can participate by submitting the name of someone who is lost or by offering a memorial tribute.