Recent Killings & disappearances

Obuhu Ohima Adelino
Nov-2022 Male 35
Eastern Equatoria, Oguruny

Akai Deng Ayuel
Oct-2022 Male 40
Warrap, Aneet

Ajing Atem Ajing
Oct-2022 Male 41
Warrap, Aneet

Akai Ayuen Akai
Oct-2022 Male 37
Warrap, Aneet

Garang Ayiik Atem
Oct-2022 Male 34
Warrap, Aneet

Madhol Bol Ruai
Oct-2022 Male 39
Warrap, Aneet

Madhol Alok Atem
Oct-2022 Male 40
Warrap, Aneet

Deng Chuor Dhel
Oct-2022 Male 32
Warrap, Aneet

Magot Alok Deng
Oct-2022 Male 30
Warrap, Aneet

Manyang Majak Akuei
Oct-2022 Male 42
Warrap, Aneet

Mangok Garang Mabil
Oct-2022 Male 38
Warrap, Aneet

Mayak Malek Majok
Oct-2022 Male 37
Warrap, Aneet

Maper Deng Aguek
Oct-2022 Male 34
Warrap, Aneet

Arop Mayuot Deng
Oct-2022 Male 38
Warrap, Aneet

Manon Madut Kuol
Oct-2022 Male 40
Warrap, Aneet

Chom Aluk Ajing
Oct-2022 Male 31
Warrap, Aneet

Ring Ring Aguet
Oct-2022 Male 39
Warrap, Aneet

Gum Malel Ring
Oct-2022 Male 30
Warrap, Aneet

Kuol Awel Aguer
Oct-2022 Male 40
Warrap, Aneet

Ngor Deng Juac
Oct-2022 Male 27
Warrap, Aneet

Georgy Juach Mayen
Oct-2022 Male 38
Warrap, Aneet

Achuil Deng Mayiik
Oct-2022 Male 35
Warrap, Aneet

Tor Bol Wieu
Oct-2022 Male 40
Warrap, Aneet

Biar Juac Puot
Oct-2022 Male 28
Warrap, Aneet

Mayor Yai Tong
Oct-2022 Male 48
Warrap, Aneet

Akeen Madut Chuor
Oct-2022 Male 38
Warrap, Aneet

Mayat Deng Malual
Oct-2022 Male 34
Warrap, Aneet

Chol Thiong Nhomrom
Oct-2022 Male 36
Warrap, Aneet

Ling Gatluak Maduot
Oct-2022 Male 39
Warrap, Aneet

Gatluak Gai Madiet
Oct-2022 Male 37
Warrap, Aneet

Mangong Chuor Hol
Oct-2022 Male 38
Warrap, Aneet

Malith Guot Marial
Oct-2022 Male 40
Warrap, Aneet

Morwel Ring Morwel
Oct-2022 Male 38
Warrap, Aneet

Ring Wol Deng
Oct-2022 Male 31
Warrap, Aneet

Mayol Bar Chol
Oct-2022 Male 40
Warrap, Aneet

Wieu Kur Dau
Oct-2022 Male 36
Warrap, Aneet

Deng Aguer Arol
Oct-2022 Male 40
Warrap, Aneet

Mawien Mading Kuol
Oct-2022 Male 38
Warrap, Aneet

Akol Monydeng Akol
Oct-2022 Male 35
Warrap, Aneet

Deng Monychol Kuol
Oct-2022 Male 40
Warrap, Aneet

Mawien Kounye Mawien
Oct-2022 Male 38
Warrap, Aneet

Kuol Malual Dau
Oct-2022 Male 30
Warrap, Aneet

Ajith Nyok Malual
Oct-2022 Male 37
Warrap, Aneet

Ring Maker Koch
Oct-2022 Male 38
Warrap, Aneet

Kur Ayuel Machok
Oct-2022 Male 40
Warrap, Aneet

Jima Deng Kuol
Oct-2022 Male 39
Warrap, Aneet

Mawut Deng Akol
Oct-2022 Male 34
Warrap, Aneet

Deng Ayuel Kuol
Oct-2022 Male 29
Warrap, Aneet

Gapnyany Pey
Oct-2022 Male
Unity, Mankien

Jackson Wudu Moses
Oct-2022 Male 38
Central Equatoria, Girim

Manas Woja John
Oct-2022 Male 43
Central Equatoria, Dimu 1

Mary Nyoka Woja
Oct-2022 Female 33
Central Equatoria, Dimu1

Morris Luwate Charles
Oct-2022 Male 42
Central Equatoria, Girim

John Wana Stephen
Oct-2022 Male 55
Central Equatoria, Girim

Simon Lokiko Wani
Oct-2022 Male 39
Central Equatoria, Girim

Betty Sitima Poni
Oct-2022 Female 28
Central Equatoria, Panyume

Peter Towongo Charles
Oct-2022 Male 32
Central Equatoria, Panyume

Moses Alemi Simon
Oct-2022 Male 34
Central Equatoria, Panyume

Jenn Aware Joseph
Oct-2022 Female 36
Central Equatoria, Nyori

Benet Sanya Juma
Oct-2022 Male 46
Central Equatoria, Wayiba

Seme Lemi Joseph
Oct-2022 Male 37
Central Equatoria, Wayiba

Moses Waru Taban
Oct-2022 Male 35
Central Equatoria, Kiraga

Alhadi James Abas
Oct-2022 Male 37
Central Equatoria, Lokiliri

Pitia Moga James
Oct-2022 Male 41
Central Equatoria, Juba

Aluma Sunday Godfrey Juma
Oct-2022 Male 21
Western Equatoria, Yeri

Lomode Pleazy Robert
Oct-2022 Male 23
Eastern Equatoria, Camp-15

Machuor Deng Athuai
Oct-2022 Male 38
Warrap, Makuac

Magot Marach Gur
Oct-2022 Male 27
Warrap, Makuac

Kochwar Gut Achien
Oct-2022 Male 40
Warrap, Makuac

Majuech Yuot Gur
Oct-2022 Male 39
Warrap, Makuac

Malaat Mangor Machiek
Oct-2022 Male 30
Warrap, Makuac

Kuchdit Madit Makuch
Oct-2022 Male 27
Warrap, Makuac

Chuirma Maghot Akuchbeny
Oct-2022 Male 36
Warrap, Makuac

Manyiel Buok Chol
Oct-2022 Male 33
Warrap, Makuac

Machiek Maghot Machiek
Oct-2022 Male 32
Warrap, Makuac

Nyibol Marial Gur
Oct-2022 Female 18
Warrap, Makuac

Mathou Deng Magor
Oct-2022 Male 31
Warrap, Makuac

Chol Maker Chol
Oct-2022 Male 24
Warrap, Makuac

Machiek Manyuang Juach
Oct-2022 Male 28
Warrap, Makuac

Mawien Machar Gor
Oct-2022 Male 34
Warrap, Makuac

Majur Kuot Chol
Oct-2022 Male 19
Warrap, Makuac

Laat Machiek Marial
Oct-2022 Male 36
Warrap, Makuac

Makur Manyuang Machiek
Oct-2022 Male 39
Warrap, Makuac

Nyanluak John LLony
Oct-2022 Female 15
Eastern Equatoria, Torit

Daniel Owahu Kennedy
Oct-2022 Male 36
Eastern Equatoria, Kurujik

Peter Okeny Olle
Oct-2022 Male 31
Eastern Equatoria, Kurujik

James Owar Obonga
Oct-2022 Male 20
Eastern Equatoria, Kurujik

Mata Mayo Kworo
Nov-2022 Male 26
Upper Nile, Kilo-Ashara

Asier Yana Doshat
Nov-2022 Male 30
Upper Nile, Kilo-Ashara

Jonde Yanga Mohandis
Nov-2022 Male 28
Upper Nile, Kilo-Ashara

Eisa Hamed Kwuala
Nov-2022 Male 24
Upper Nile, Kilo-Ashara

Nuor Wula Marthi
Nov-2022 Male 20
Upper Nile, Kilo-Ashara

Ali Halo Bienek
Nov-2022 Male 37
Upper Nile, Kilo-Ashara

Beshir Shawesh Nareen
Nov-2022 Male 23
Upper Nile, Kilo-Ashara

Hana Dosha Kerim
Nov-2022 Female 28
Upper Nile, Kilo-Ashara

Lola Yahna Mabruk
Nov-2022 Female 41
Upper Nile, Kilo-Ashara

Nasir Yahna
Nov-2022 Male 38
Upper Nile, Kilo-Ashara

Pistol Wani Charles
Nov-2022 Male 36
Central Equatoria, Jebeleen

Martin Wani Lusuba
Nov-2022 Male 40
Central Equatoria, Jebeleen

Charles Wani Jada
Nov-2022 Male 38
Central Equatoria, Jebeleen

Emmanuel Isdoro Ladu
Nov-2022 Male 26
Central Equatoria, Juba

Deng Mun Puot
Nov-2022 Male 38
Jonglei, Duk Padiet

Lotari Sokiri Lokang
Nov-2022 Male 26
Western Equatoria, Uguruny

Esther Diken Samuel
Nov-2022 Female 30
Eastern Equatoria, Chukudum

Joseph Mata Ngachie
Nov-2022 Male 28
Eastern Equatoria, Kapoeta

Luka Gabriel Adam
Nov-2022 Male 26
Central Equatoria, Terkeka

John Modi Kalam
Nov-2022 Male 25
Central Equatoria, Juba

Albino Charles Peter
Nov-2022 Male 26
Central Equatoria, Juba

Johnson Taban Tom
Nov-2022 Male 27
Central Equatoria, Liria

Benansio William Joseph
Nov-2022 Male 34
Central Equatoria, Jebeleen

Pitia Jada Jalal
Nov-2022 Male 29
Central Equatoria, Sindiro

Tangun Jada Jalal
Nov-2022 Male 23
Central Equatoria, Sindiro

James Wani Festo
Nov-2022 Male 38
Central Equatoria, Jebeleen

Allafi Jackson Benard
Nov-2022 Male 26
Central Equatoria, Juba

Hillary Henry Paul
Nov-2022 Male 30
Central Equatoria, Juba

Alich Anyuon Kuol
Nov-2022 Male 10
Northern Bahr el Ghazal, Mayom

Joseph Lomana Rweto
Nov-2022 Male 36
Eastern Equatoria, Kapoeta

Amou Garang Wach
Nov-2022 Female 36
Central Equatoria, Jebeleen

Nyankong Abel Kur
Nov-2022 Female 25
Central Equatoria, Jebeleen

Amou Biel Chuol
Nov-2022 Female 28
Central Equatoria, Jebeleen

Mun Abuol Nyok
Nov-2022 Male 26
Central Equatoria, Jebeleen

Maker Gai Jok
Nov-2022 Male 29
Central Equatoria, Jebeleen

Eva Vicky James
Nov-2022 Female 35
Central Equatoria, Yei

Majok Lul Chuol
Nov-2022 Male 36
Jonglei, Duk Padiet

Amet Kuot Dut
Nov-2022 Male 35
Northern Bahr el Ghazal, Machar-kunyuk

Kur Manyuon Apuk
Nov-2022 Male 30
Warrap, Paweng

Lokwapur Lokwawe Peter
Nov-2022 Male 28
Eastern Equatoria, Napopot

Awin Ring Ajou
Nov-2022 Female 19
Central Equatoria, Juba

Awiit Ring Ajou
Nov-2022 Female 17
Central Equatoria, Juba

Rialdit Mabor Deng
Nov-2022 Male 18
Central Equatoria, Juba

Nyang Mabor Ater
Nov-2022 Male 17
Central Equatoria, Juba

Awer Ring Ajou
Nov-2022 Female 16
Central Equatoria, Juba

Samson Kuaba Loro
Nov-2022 Male 24
Central Equatoria, Juba

Ayen Chol Garang
Nov-2022 Female 18
Eastern Equatoria, Nimule

James Uwar Obonga
Nov-2022 Male 20
Eastern Equatoria, Lafon

Paul Loteju Michael
Nov-2022 Male 40
Eastern Equatoria, Nauro

Ater Adum Ater
Nov-2022 Male 25
Central Equatoria, Juba

Wuthchok Chirong Chol
Nov-2022 Male 5
Warrap, Guaria

Rual Chirong Chol
Nov-2022 Male 3
Warrap, Guaria

Angong Mayar Lol
Nov-2022 Female 15
Northern Bahr el Ghazal, Ayai

Dut Deng Lul
Nov-2022 Male 37
Northern Bahr el Ghazal, Maper Akot

John Daud Marier
Nov-2022 Male 21
Central Equatoria, Juba

Abbas Musa Idris
Nov-2022 Male 25
Upper Nile, Maban

Dut Atak Dut
Nov-2022 Male 23
Central Equatoria, Juba

Gatkuoth Gatduel Gatjanieh
Nov-2022 Male 24
Unity, Bentiu

Madit Wol Dhel
Nov-2022 Male 25
Warrap, Manyang-ngok

Mayom Dhelbar Machar
Nov-2022 Male 35
Warrap, Juba

Awan Ding Awan
Nov-2022 Male 28
Warrap, Makuac

Rose Nakang Andrew
Nov-2022 Female 25
Eastern Equatoria, Ngonyorom

Charity Inonong Ngrek
Nov-2022 Female 21
Eastern Equatoria, Lopus

Tom Pierensio Luka
Nov-2022 Male 40
Central Equatoria, Juba

John Deder Manin
Nov-2022 Male 28
Central Equatoria, Juba

Gamba Night Santino
Nov-2022 Female 33
Central Equatoria, Yei

Evalyn Keji Taban
Oct-2022 Female 22
Central Equatoria, Girim

Rose Kiden Yata
Nov-2022 Female 25
Central Equatoria, Girim

Soro Bullen Wani
Oct-2022 Male 46
Central Equatoria, Dimu 2

Diko Joice Lasu
Oct-2022 Female 52
Central Equatoria, Yondoru

Robert Malish
Nov-2022 Male 43
Central Equatoria, Lasu

Kamilo Odiong Ohide
Nov-2022 Male 16
Eastern Equatoria, Torit

Magak Majok Chol
Nov-2022 Male 36
Warrap, Ariekriek

Makuei Mawien Mawith
Nov-2022 Male 28
Warrap, Ariekriek

Monyluak Mawien But
Nov-2022 Male 30
Warrap, Arialbek

Monymum Akec Yor
Nov-2022 Male 35
Warrap, Arialbek

Marial Acuil Ajiing
Nov-2022 Male 24
Warrap, Arialbek

Bol Bak Akec
Nov-2022 Male 28
Warrap, Gogrial

Adut Makuc Majok Kiir
Nov-2022 Female 13
Warrap, Alek

Dut Roch Chieny
Nov-2022 Male 35
Northern Bahr el Ghazal, Maper

Aponi Lokanyim Lojuahan
Nov-2022 Female 14
Eastern Equatoria, Korkomuge

Lohai Lokanyim Lojuahan
Nov-2022 Male 7
Eastern Equatoria, Korkomuge

Ohai Opel Andrea
Nov-2022 Male 30
Eastern Equatoria, Kiyala

Mathew Warun Anthony
Nov-2022 Male 15
Central Equatoria, Juba-Suk Zande

Lonyjok Yuol Dak
Nov-2022 Male 21
Unity, Mayom

Saila Magaiy Gatduel
Nov-2022 Female 24
Unity, Rubkona

Pitia Luka Boli
Nov-2022 Male 50
Central Equatoria, Mayom

Elle Abellino James
Nov-2022 Female 7
Central Equatoria, Lobonok

Manut Bol Majok
Nov-2022 Male 26
Northern Bahr el Ghazal, Awiel

Khan Majok Nyok
Nov-2022 Male 30
Jonglei, Pajut

Aleu Pap Nyok
Nov-2022 Male 8
Warrap, Ajiep

Moses longutu Modi
Nov-2022 Male 35
Central Equatoria, Lokiliri

James Tongun Jada
Nov-2022 Male 46
Central Equatoria, Lokiliri

Michael Wani Modi
Nov-2022 Male 51
Central Equatoria, Lokiliri

Henry Soka Jackson
Nov-2022 Male 43
Central Equatoria, Lokiliri

Valentino Lado Tombe
Nov-2022 Male 47
Central Equatoria, Lokiliri

Scopas Maring William
Nov-2022 Male 38
Central Equatoria, Lokiliri

Timothy Modi John
Nov-2022 Male 56
Central Equatoria, Lokiliri

Julius Tombe kenyi
Nov-2022 Male 37
Central Equatoria, Lokiliri

Clement Lado Solomon
Nov-2022 Male 52
Central Equatoria, Magiri

Cosmas Pitya pious
Nov-2022 Male 41
Central Equatoria, Magiri

Mary Epon Martin
Nov-2022 Female 32
Central Equatoria, Magiri

Gabriel Lado Tombe
Nov-2022 Male 49
Central Equatoria, Magiri

Patrisio Mogga Kenyi
Nov-2022 Male 55
Central Equatoria, Magiri

Margaret Nadoki Stanley
Nov-2022 Female 34
Central Equatoria, Magiri

Sabasio Pitya Loponi
Nov-2022 Male 61
Central Equatoria, Magiri

Saturlino Lolaku Jada
Nov-2022 Male 54
Central Equatoria, Magiri

Bol Kuot Kuot
Jan-2023 Male 19
Central Equatoria, Juba

Aleu Ajing Aleu
Jan-2023 Male 35
Northern Bahr el Ghazal, Bar Mayen

Dominica Sarah David
Dec-2022 Female 32
Central Equatoria, Juba

Nyanut Agany Deng
Dec-2022 Female 45
Central Equatoria, Juba

Loden Jowang Lilcho
Dec-2022 Male 29
Jonglei, Likwangule

Lual Lual Deng
Dec-2022 Male 23
Central Equatoria, Juba

Nido Jaffri Benard
Dec-2022 Male 18
Central Equatoria, Juba

Tombe Ladu Justin
Dec-2022 Male 26
Central Equatoria, Juba

Garang Arop Jongkor
Dec-2022 Male 25
Warrap, Mareng Thok

Matur Mou Yai
Jan-2023 Male 35
Warrap, Romic

Monyjok Mijak Akiej
Jan-2023 Male 52
Upper Nile, Malakal

Makuac Garang Ajang
Dec-2022 Male 30
Central Equatoria, Juba

John Garang Angelo
Dec-2022 Male 39
Central Equatoria, Mangalla

Dor Deng Dor
Dec-2022 Male 28
Warrap, Akuir

Ater Mawien Kuol
Dec-2022 Male 41
Warrap, Akuir

Yaach Deng Lou
Dec-2022 Male 24
Warrap, Akuir

Lual Deng Agany
Dec-2022 Male 37
Warrap, Akuir

Makuac Ayuil Adhol
Dec-2022 Male 40
Warrap, Akuir

Atem Liai Kuot
Dec-2022 Male 38
Warrap, Akuir

John Akot Garang
Jan-2023 Male 35
Northern Bahr el Ghazal, Awiel

Duk Bak Dut
Jan-2023 Male 38
Central Equatoria, Juba

Ring Ring Mayek
Nov-2022 Male 18
Warrap, Dholjok

Deng Kuac Deng
Jan-2023 Male 40
Warrap, Malou

Jinub Abiel Paluel
Jan-2023 Male 17
Jonglei, Duk padiet

Peter Okeria Rondo
Jan-2023 Male 28
Central Equatoria, Juba

Veronica Keji Lado
Jan-2023 Female 23
Central Equatoria, Mangalla

John Thon Deng
Jan-2023 Male 55
Upper Nile, Jalak

Bulo Bulo Garang
Jan-2023 Male 45
Northern Bahr el Ghazal, Alok

Samuel Tombe David
Nov-2022 Male 32
Central Equatoria, Juba

James Runato Adaha
Nov-2022 Male 18
Eastern Equatoria, Torit

Rose Esika Peter
Oct-2022 Female 25
Eastern Equatoria, Torit

Matong Akon Anyor
Oct-2022 Male 40
Warrap, Manyang-ngok

Akuei Lual Geng
Oct-2022 Male 38
Central Equatoria, Aru Junction

James Bol Achol
Oct-2022 Male 24
Central Equatoria, Juba

Matwikil Jabril Osman
Oct-2022 Male 32
Central Equatoria, Juba

Dana John Kennedy
Oct-2022 Male 20
Central Equatoria, Juba

James Mango Lodiong
Nov-2022 Male 32
Central Equatoria, Juba

Dut Ajak Makuei
Nov-2022 Male 28
Central Equatoria, Juba

Achol Awek Malek
Nov-2022 Female 1
Central Equatoria, Juba

Majok Bod Makier Mayom
Nov-2022 Male 32
Central Equatoria, Juba

Makol Maluk Madit
Nov-2022 Male 28
Central Equatoria, Taberi

Biel Koriom Bielyong
Nov-2022 Male 35
Jonglei, Uror

Okujo Biko Ware
Jan-2023 Male 15
Central Equatoria, Kuda

Khamis Simon Deng
Jan-2023 Male 26
Central Equatoria, Juba

Marial Panchol Kuai
Jan-2023 Male 40
Jonglei, Baidit

Ayong Nyuol Mawien
Jan-2023 Female 9
Northern Bahr el Ghazal, Ayuang

Lokine Lokuidomoro Romio
Jan-2023 Male 57
Eastern Equatoria, Lafon

Nyakuoth Keet Niay
Nov-2022 Female 70
Unity, Bentiu

Duer Yaai Koryom
Nov-2022 Male 34
Unity, Bieh

Lang Yaai Koryom
Nov-2022 Male 28
Unity, Bieh

Kuot Agoth Joong
Nov-2022 Male 70
Warrap, Thar-Nyakol

Alfred Lubang Sarafino
Jan-2023 Male 45
Central Equatoria, Sure

Nickson Ladu Felix
Jan-2023 Male 30
Central Equatoria, Sure

William Lubate John
Jan-2023 Male 38
Central Equatoria, Sure

Justin Ladu Peter
Jan-2023 Male 32
Central Equatoria, Sure

Charles Tomilyano John
Jan-2023 Male 58
Central Equatoria, Lalire

Ater Jam Ater
Jan-2023 Male 36
Warrap, Makuaclueth

Amel Garang Piol
Jan-2023 Female 19
Warrap, Makuaclueth

Achol Chol Angok
Jan-2023 Female 13
Warrap, Makuaclueth

Nyibol Deng Angok
Jan-2023 Female 12
Warrap, Makuaclueth

Adior Deng Jur
Jan-2023 Female 40
Warrap, Makuaclueth

Allani Kumen Manysuagin
Jan-2023 Male 40
Jonglei, Nyath

William Jiji Kumen
Jan-2023 Male 31
Jonglei, Nyath

Arizo Kuduman Korok
Jan-2023 Male 28
Jonglei, Nyath

Oromo Nyarath Jiji
Jan-2023 Male 35
Jonglei, Nyath

Baal Nyarath Logume
Jan-2023 Male 23
Jonglei, Nyath

Baazy Nyarath Logume
Jan-2023 Male 18
Jonglei, Nyath

Kakayo Korthulya Arikuam
Jan-2023 Male 29
Jonglei, Nyath

Lakaya Merizia Logume
Jan-2023 Male 28
Jonglei, Nyath

Nyordodot Lopur Allani
Jan-2023 Male 20
Jonglei, Nyath

Lokang Lopeto Natisio
Jan-2023 Male 12
Eastern Equatoria, Chukudum

Lopiya Lokuru Andrea
Jan-2023 Male 5
Eastern Equatoria, Chukudum

Lokitala Loting Okuma
Jan-2023 Male 6
Eastern Equatoria, Chukudum

Namana Loting Okuma
Jan-2023 Female 2
Eastern Equatoria, Chukudum

Isaac Mamur James
Jan-2023 Male 21
Eastern Equatoria, Ngalgala

Lobong Lohiro John
Jan-2023 Male 13
Eastern Equatoria, Lacharok

Obore Okiteng Luiz
Jan-2023 Male 29
Eastern Equatoria, Kiyala

Obulu Okellua James
Jan-2023 Male 30
Eastern Equatoria, Kiyala

Ramadan Kibura Machar
Jan-2023 Male 28
Central Equatoria, Merekiyu

Kenyi Boya Lado
Jan-2023 Male 25
Central Equatoria, Merekiyu

Mamer Makur Gore
Jan-2023 Male 30
Central Equatoria, Merekiyu

Joseph Abuk Jelle
Jan-2023 Male 53
Central Equatoria, Luri

Ring Atem Thiong
Jan-2023 Male 38
Warrap, Yiik Thon

Alfred Yaba Chirino
Jan-2023 Male 39
Eastern Equatoria, Ifohe
They were fathers, mothers, brothers, sisters and children. Each of them cherished by their families and communities. They are the people killed or missing in the conflicts that have ravaged South Sudan since August 1955.
This project is designed for one purpose: to honor the memory of each person who has died or gone missing during conflict in South Sudan. You can participate by submitting the name of someone who is lost or by offering a memorial tribute.